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The JavaScript Array Methods Handbook

🧑🏻‍💻 Sean Huang 📅 January 30, 2023

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健忘的 Sean 常常需要查看的陣列處理方法小抄。

What will this method return

  • 單純遞迴執行:forEach
  • 回傳一個新的陣列:mapfilterconcat
  • 回傳一個布林值:someeveryincludes
  • 回傳該元素:find
  • 回傳該索引:findIndexindexOf
  • 回傳一個整數值:reduceunshift

forEach

Array.prototype.forEach()

將陣列裡的每個元素傳入,並「執行」給定的函式一次。

const array1 = ['a', 'b', 'c']

array1.forEach(element => console.log(element))

// Expected output: "a"
// Expected output: "b"
// Expected output: "c"

map

Array.prototype.map()

原陣列的每一個元素經過指定的函式「運算」後,回傳新的結果陣列。

const array1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]

// Pass a function to map
const result = array1.map(x => x * 2)

console.log(result)
// Expected output: Array [2, 4, 6, 8]

filter

Array.prototype.filter()

原陣列經過指定的函式「過濾」後,回傳新的結果陣列。

const words = ['Sean', 'Damao', 'Paul', 'Iris', 'Julia']

const result = words.filter(word => word.length > 4)

console.log(result)
// Expected output: Array ["Damao", "Julia"]

concat

合併兩個或多個陣列,回傳一個新的陣列。

Array.prototype.concat()

const array1 = ['a', 'b', 'c']
const array2 = ['d', 'e', 'f', 'g']
const array3 = array1.concat(array2)

console.log(array3)
// Expected output: Array ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g"]

some

Array.prototype.some()

測試陣列中,是否有「至少一個」元素符合指定的條件函式,是的話會回傳 true 否則回傳 false

const array1 = [1, 2, 3, 5, 7]

// Checks whether an element is even
const isEven = element => element % 2 === 0

console.log(array1.some(isEven))
// Expected output: true

every

Array.prototype.every()

回傳是否陣列中的「所有」元素都符合條件。

const array1 = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]

// Checks whether all elements are even
const areEven = element => element % 2 === 0

console.log(array1.every(areEven))
// Expected output: true

includes

Array.prototype.includes()

回傳陣列是否「包含」指定的元素。

const pets = ['cat', 'dog']

console.log(pets.includes('cat'))
// Expected output: true

console.log(pets.includes('pig'))
// Expected output: false

find

Array.prototype.find()

回傳「第一個」滿足條件的元素,如果通通不符合則回傳 undefined

const array1 = [5, 6, 8, 100, 44]

const found = array1.find(element => element > 10)

console.log(found)
// Expected output: 100

findIndex

Array.prototype.findIndex()

回傳「第一個」滿足條件的元素之「索引」,如果找不到則回傳 -1

const array1 = [5, 6, 8, 100, 44]

const isLargeNumber = element => element > 8

console.log(array1.findIndex(isLargeNumber))
// Expected output: 3

indexOf

Array.prototype.indexOf()

回傳「指定的元素」在陣列中「第一個」被找到的「索引」,如果找不到則回傳 -1

const beasts = ['squirrel', 'seal', 'cat', 'duck', 'rabbit']

console.log(beasts.indexOf('squirrel'))
// Expected output: 0

// Start from index 2
console.log(beasts.indexOf('seal', 2))
// Expected output: 4

console.log(beasts.indexOf('pig'))
// Expected output: -1

reduce

Array.prototype.reduce()

將陣列中的每一項元素「由左至右」傳入「累加器」,最後回傳一個值。

const array1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]

// 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4
const initialValue = 0
const sumWithInitial = array1.reduce(
  (accumulator, currentValue) => accumulator + currentValue,
  initialValue
)

console.log(sumWithInitial)
// Expected output: 10

unshift

Array.prototype.unshift()

unshift() 會增加一個或多個元素到陣列的開頭,並且回傳陣列的新長度。

const array1 = [1, 2, 3]

console.log(array1.unshift(4, 5))
// Expected output: 5

console.log(array1)
// Expected output: Array [4, 5, 1, 2, 3]

References